I-Heterocyclic compounds isatshalaliswa kabanzi emvelweni, ibalwa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo ezaziwayo, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi.Izinto eziningi ezibalulekile, njenge-chlorophyll, i-heme, i-nucleic acid, nezinye izidakamizwa zemvelo nezokwenziwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni komtholampilo, ziqukethe izakhiwo ze-heterocyclic compounds.Ama-alkaloids ayizingxenye eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo zomuthi we-herbal waseShayina, futhi iningi lawo liyi-nitrogen equkethe i-heterocyclic compounds.
"Ezinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezijikelezayo, ama-athomu akha indandatho abizwa ngokuthi ama-heterocyclic compounds uma kukhona amanye ama-athomu angewona ama-carbon ngaphezu kwama-athomu e-carbon."Lawa ma-athomu angewona awekhabhoni abizwa ngokuthi ama-heteroatom.Ama-heteroatom avamile yi-nitrogen, umoya-mpilo nesibabule.
Ngokwale ncazelo engenhla, ama-heterocyclic compounds abonakala ehlanganisa i-lactone, i-lactide, ne-cyclic anhydride, njll., kodwa awafakiwe kuma-heterocyclic compounds ngoba afana ngokwemvelo nezinhlanganisela ze-open-chain ezihambisanayo futhi athambekele ekuvuleni izindandatho ukuze abe. ama-open-chain compounds.Leli phepha ligxile kumakhompiyutha e-heterocyclic anezinhlelo zamandandatho ezinzile kanye namazinga ahlukahlukene okuphunga.Okubizwa ngokuthi ama-aromatics heterocyclic compounds ama-heterocycles agcina isakhiwo esinephunga elimnandi, okungukuthi, i-6π electron evaliwe i-conjugate system.Lezi zinhlanganisela azinzile, akulula ukuvula indandatho, futhi ukwakheka kwazo nokusebenza kabusha kufana ne-benzene, okungukuthi, zinamadigri ahlukene okuphunga, ngakho-ke zibizwa ngokuthi ama-aromatic heterocyclic compounds.
Ama-Heterocyclic compounds angahlukaniswa njengama-heterocycles eyodwa noma ama-heterocycle aminyene ngokusho kwamathambo awo e-heterocyclic.Ama-heterocycles angawodwa angahlukaniswa abe ama-heterocycle anamalungu amahlanu kanye nama-heterocycle anamalungu ayisithupha ngokosayizi wawo.Ama-heterocycle ahlanganisiwe angahlukaniswa abe ama-benzene-fused heterocycles kanye nama-heterocycle ahlanganisiwe ngokwendlela yawo yeringi ehlanganisiwe.Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni.
I-nomenclature ye-heterocyclic compounds isekelwe ikakhulukazi ekuhumusheni kwezinye izilimi.Ukuguqulwa kwamaletha kwesiShayina kwegama lesiNgisi lenhlanganisela ye-heterocyclic yengezwe eduze komlingiswa othi "kou".Ngokwesibonelo:
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-05-2023