Indlela yokukhipha
Ngeminyaka yawo-1950 kanye nawo-1960, amazwe amaningi emhlabeni, kuhlanganise neShayina, ikakhulukazi akhipha ama-peptide ezithweni zezilwane.Isibonelo, umjovo we-thymosin ulungiswa ngokuhlaba ithole elisanda kuzalwa, ukususa i-thymus yalo, bese usebenzisa i-biotechnology yokwehlukanisa oscillating ukuhlukanisa ama-peptide ku-calf thymus.Le thymosin isetshenziswa kabanzi ukulawula nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana omzimba kubantu.
Ama-peptide emvelo e-bioactive asatshalaliswa kabanzi.Kunama-peptide amaningi e-bioactive ezilwaneni, ezitshalweni nasezintweni eziphilayo zasolwandle emvelweni, ezidlala imisebenzi eyahlukene yokuphila komzimba futhi zigcine imisebenzi evamile yokuphila.Lawa ma-peptide emvelo e-bioactive ahlanganisa ama-metabolite esibili ezinto eziphilayo ezinjengama-antibiotics nama-hormone, kanye nama-peptide e-bioactive akhona ezinhlelweni zezicubu ezihlukahlukene.
Njengamanje, ama-peptide amaningi e-bioactive ahlukanisiwe kubantu, isilwane, isitshalo, amagciwane kanye nezilwane zasolwandle.Kodwa-ke, ama-peptides e-bioactive ngokuvamile atholakala ngamanani aphansi ezinto eziphilayo, futhi amasu amanje okuhlukanisa nokuhlanza ama-peptide e-bioactive entweni ephilayo awaphelele, anezindleko eziphezulu kanye nokusebenza okuphansi kwe-bioactivity.
Izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa zokukhipha i-peptide nokuhlukaniswa zihlanganisa ukufakwa kukasawoti ngaphandle, i-ultrafiltration, i-gel filtration, i-isoelectric point precipitation, i-ion exchange chromatography, i-affinity chromatography, i-adsorption chromatography, i-gel electrophoresis, njll. Ububi bayo obuyinhloko ubunkimbinkimbi bokusebenza kanye nezindleko eziphezulu.
Indlela ye-Acid-base
I-Acid ne-alkali hydrolysis isetshenziswa kakhulu ezikhungweni zokuhlola, kodwa ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini yokukhiqiza.Enqubweni ye-alkaline hydrolysis yamaprotheni, ama-amino acid amaningi afana ne-serine ne-threonine ayabhujiswa, i-racemization iyenzeka, futhi inani elikhulu lezakhamzimba liyalahleka.Ngakho-ke, le ndlela ayivamile ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni.I-Acid hydrolysis yamaprotheni ayibangeli i-racemization yama-amino acid, i-hydrolysis iyashesha futhi ukusabela kuphelile.Kodwa-ke, ukuntula kwayo ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi, ukulawula okunzima kanye nokungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo.Ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo samangqamuzana ama-peptide akulingani futhi akuzinzile, futhi imisebenzi yawo yokuphila komzimba kunzima ukunquma.
I-Enzymatic hydrolysis
Ama-peptide amaningi e-bioactive atholakala kumaketanga amade amaprotheni esimweni sokungasebenzi.Lapho i-hydrolyzed nge-protease ethile, i-peptide yayo esebenzayo ikhishwa ekulandeleni kwama-amino amaprotheni.Ukukhishwa kwe-enzymatic kwama-peptide e-bioactive ezilwaneni, ezitshalweni nasezintweni eziphila olwandle kube yinto okugxilwe kuyo ocwaningweni emashumini eminyaka amuva nje.
I-Enzymatic hydrolysis yama-peptide e-bioactive ukukhethwa kwama-protease afanelekile, kusetshenziswa amaprotheni njengama-substrates namaprotheni e-hydrolyzing ukuthola inani elikhulu lama-peptide e-bioactive anemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yomzimba.Enqubweni yokukhiqiza, izinga lokushisa, inani le-PH, ukugxila kwe-enzyme, ukugxila kwe-substrate nezinye izici zihlobene eduze nomphumela we-enzymatic hydrolysis wama-peptide amancane, futhi ukhiye ukukhethwa kwe-enzyme.Ngenxa yama-enzyme ahlukene asetshenziselwa i-enzymatic hydrolysis, ukukhethwa nokwakhiwa kwama-enzyme, nemithombo ehlukene yamaprotheni, ama-peptide avelayo ayahluka kakhulu ngobuningi, ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo samangqamuzana, kanye nokwakheka kwama-amino acid.Umuntu ngokuvamile ukhetha ama-protease ezilwane, njenge-pepsin ne-trypsin, nama-protease ezitshalo, njenge-bromelain ne-papain.Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokusungulwa okusha okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe be-enzyme yebhayoloji, ama-enzyme amaningi azotholakala futhi asetshenziswe.I-Enzymatic hydrolysis isetshenziswe kabanzi ekulungiseleleni ama-peptide e-bioactive ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bayo obuvuthiwe kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-30-2023