Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-peptide e-transmembrane, futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwawo kusekelwe ezintweni ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali, imithombo, izindlela zokungenisa, kanye nezicelo ze-biomedical.Ngokwezakhiwo zabo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali, ama-peptide angena kulwelwesi angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezintathu: i-cationic, i-amphiphilic ne-hydrophobic.Ama-peptides angena e-Cationic kanye ne-amphiphilic enza ama-peptides angama-85%, kuyilapho ama-peptides e-hydrophobic angena enza i-15% kuphela.
1. Ulwelwesi lwe-Cationic peptide
Ama-peptide e-Cationic transmembrane akhiwa ama-peptide amafushane anothe nge-arginine, i-lysine, ne-histidine, njenge-TAT, i-Penetratin, i-Polyarginine, i-P22N, i-DPV3 ne-DPV6.Phakathi kwazo, i-arginine iqukethe i-guanidine, engahlanganisa i-hydrogen namaqembu e-phosphoric acid akhokhiswe kabi kulwelwesi lweseli futhi ilamule ama-peptide e-transmembrane kulwelwesi ngaphansi kwenani le-PH ye-physiological.Ucwaningo lwe-oligarginine (kusuka ku-3 R kuya ku-12 R) lubonise ukuthi ikhono lokungena kwe-membrane lifinyelelwe kuphela lapho inani le-arginine liphansi njenge-8, futhi ikhono lokungena kwe-membrane lakhula kancane kancane ngokunyuka kwenani le-arginine.I-Lysine, nakuba i-cationic njenge-arginine, ayinayo i-guanidine, ngakho-ke uma ikhona yodwa, ukungena kwayo kahle kolwelwesi akuphakeme kakhulu.Futaki et al.(2001) ithole ukuthi umphumela omuhle wokungena kwe-membrane ungafinyelelwa kuphela lapho i-cationic cell membrane ingena i-peptide iqukethe okungenani ama-amino acid ashajwe kahle angu-8.Nakuba izinsalela ze-amino acid ezifakwe kahle zibalulekile ukuze ama-peptide angenayo angene kulwelwesi, amanye ama-amino acid abaluleke ngokulinganayo, njengalapho i-W14 ishintsha ibe ngu-F, ukungena kwe-Penetratin kuyalahleka.
Isigaba esikhethekile se-cationic transmembrane peptides ukulandelana kwezindawo ze-nuclear (NLSs), equkethe ama-peptide amafushane anothe nge-arginine, i-lysine ne-proline futhi angathuthelwa ku-nucleus ngokusebenzisa imbobo ye-nuclear.Ama-NLS angaphinde ahlukaniswe abe ukuthayipha okukodwa nokukabili, okuhlanganisa iqoqo elilodwa namabili lama-amino acid ayisisekelo, ngokulandelana.Isibonelo, i-PKKKRKV evela ku-simian virus 40(SV40) iyi-NLS yokuthayipha eyodwa, kuyilapho iphrotheni yenuzi iyi-NLS ethayipha kabili.I-KRPAATKKAGQAKKKL ukulandelana okufushane okungadlala indima ku-membrane transmembrane.Ngenxa yokuthi ama-NLS amaningi anezinombolo zokushaja ezingaphansi kuka-8, ama-NLS awawona ama-transmembrane peptide asebenzayo, kodwa angaba ama-transmembrane peptide asebenzayo lapho exhunywe ngokuhlanganyela nokulandelana kwe-hydrophobic peptide ukuze akhe ama-amphiphilic transmembrane peptides.
2. I-amphiphilic transmembrane peptide
Ama-amphiphilic transmembrane peptides aqukethe izizinda ze-hydrophilic kanye ne-hydrophobic, ezingahlukaniswa zibe i-amphiphilic eyisisekelo, i-alpha-helical amphiphilic yesibili, i-β-folding amphiphilic kanye ne-prolin-enriched amphiphilic.
Ama-peptide olwelwesi oluyisisekelo lwe-amphiphilic wear membrane abe izigaba ezimbili, isigaba esinama-NLS axhunywe ngokuhlanganyela ukulandelana kwe-hydrophobic peptide, njenge-MPG (GLAFLGFLGAAGSTMGAWSQPKKKRKV) kanye ne-Pep - 1 (KETWWETWWTEWSQPKKRKV), Zombili zisekelwe kusignali yendawo yenuzi e-PKK4phoRKV, isizinda se-MPG sihlobene nokulandelana kokuhlanganiswa kwe-HIV glycoprotein 41 (GALFLGFLGAAGSTMG A), futhi isizinda se-hydrophobic se-Pep-1 sihlobene neqoqo elicebile le-tryptophan eline-membrane affinity ephezulu (KETWWET WWTEW).Kodwa-ke, isizinda se-hydrophobic sakho kokubili sixhunywe nesignali yendawo ye-nuclear i-PKKKRKV nge-WSQP.Elinye ikilasi le-primary amphiphilic transmembrane peptides lahlukaniswa kumaprotheni emvelo, njenge-pVEC, ARF(1-22) kanye ne-BPrPr(1-28).
Ama-peptide esibili e-α-helical amphiphilic transmembrane abophezela kulwelwesi nge-α-helices, futhi izinsalela zawo ze-hydrophilic kanye ne-hydrophobic amino acid zitholakala ezindaweni ezihlukene zesakhiwo se-helical, njenge-MAP (KLALKLALK ALKAALKLA).Ohlotsheni lwe-beta peptide egoqa ulwelwesi lwe-amphiphilic wear, ikhono layo lokwenza ishidi le-beta libalulekile ekhonweni lalo lokungena kulwelwesi, njengaku-VT5 (DPKGDPKGVTVTVTVTVTVTGKGDPKPD) ohlelweni lokucwaninga ikhono lokungena lolwelwesi, kusetshenziswa uhlobo D. - ama-analogues okuguqulwa kwe-amino acid awakwazanga ukwakha ucezu olugoqiwe lwe-beta, ikhono lokungena lolwelwesi liphansi kakhulu.Ku-proline-enriched amphiphilic transmembrane peptides, i-polyproline II (PPII) yenziwa kalula emanzini ahlanzekile lapho i-proline inothiswe kakhulu esakhiweni se-polypeptide.I-PPII i-helix yesandla sobunxele enezinsalela ze-amino acid ezingu-3.0 ngokujika ngakunye, ngokuphambene nesakhiwo esivamile sesandla sokudla se-alpha-helix esinezinsalela ze-amino acid ezingu-3.6 ngokujika ngakunye.I-proline-enriched amphiphilic transmembrane peptides ihlanganisa i-bovine antimicrobial peptide 7(Bac7), synthetic polypeptide (PPR)n(n ingaba ngu-3, 4, 5 kanye no-6), njll.
3. I-Hydrophobic membrane engena peptide
Ama-peptide e-Hydrophobic transmembrane aqukethe kuphela izinsalela ze-amino acid engeyona indawo epholile, enenani eliphelele elingaphansi kuka-20% yenani eliphelele lokulandelana kwe-amino acid, noma aqukethe ama-hydrophobic moieties noma amaqembu amakhemikhali abalulekile ku-transmembrane.Nakuba lawa ma-peptide e-transmembrane yamaselula evame ukunganakwa, akhona, njenge-fibroblast growth factor (K-FGF) kanye ne-fibroblast growth factor 12(F-GF12) evela ku-Kaposi's sarcoma.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-19-2023